1. print():打印输出给定的内容 print("Hello, World!") # 输出:Hello, World! 2. len():返回对象的长度或元素个数 string = "Hello, World!" length = len(string) print(length) # 输出:13 3. input():接收用户输入并返回作为字符串 name = input("请输入您的姓名:") print("您的姓名是:" + name) 4. range():生成一个指定范围内的整数序列 for num in range(1, 5): print(num) # 输出:1 2 3 4 5. str():将对象转换为字符串 number = 42 string = str(number) print(string) # 输出:'42' 6. int():将对象转换为整数 string = "42" number = int(string) print(number) # 输出:42 7. float():将对象转换为浮点数 string = "3.14" number = float(string) print(number) # 输出:3.14 8. type():返回对象的类型 number = 42 print(type(number)) # 输出:int 9. list():将可迭代对象转换为列表 string = "Hello" char_list = list(string) print(char_list) # 输出:['H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o'] 10. tuple():将可迭代对象转换为元组 list_data = [1, 2, 3] tuple_data = tuple(list_data) print(tuple_data) # 输出:(1, 2, 3) 11. dict():创建一个字典对象 person = dict(name='Alice', age=25) print(person) # 输出:{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25} 12. set():创建一个集合对象 numbers = [1, 2, 3, 2, 1] unique_numbers = set(numbers) print(unique_numbers) # 输出:{1, 2, 3} 13. sum():返回可迭代对象的总和 numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] total = sum(numbers) print(total) # 输出:15 14. max():返回可迭代对象的最大值 numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] maximum = max(numbers) print(maximum) # 输出:5 15. min():返回可迭代对象的最小值 numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] minimum = min(numbers) print(minimum) # 输出:1 16. abs():返回数值的绝对值 number = -42 absolute = abs(number) print(absolute) # 输出:42 17. replace():替代字符串中的某一些子串为另一些字 st = "i want a apple" st = st.replace("apple","mice") print(st)# 输出:mice i want a 18. round():返回一个数值的四舍五入值 number = 3.14159 rounded = round(number, 2) print(rounded) # 输出:3.14 19. strip():去除字符串前面和后面的空格 st = " hello " st = st.strip() print(st+"end") # 输出:helloend 20. sorted():返回一个排序后的可迭代对象 numbers = [5, 2, 4, 1, 3] sorted_numbers = sorted(numbers) print(sorted_numbers) # 输出:[1, 2, 3, 4, 5] 21. reversed():返回一个反转后的可迭代对象 numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] reversed_numbers = list(reversed(numbers)) print(reversed_numbers) # 输出:[5, 4, 3, 2, 1] 22. zip():将多个可迭代对象按索引位置组合成元组 names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie'] ages = [25, 30, 35] zipped = list(zip(names, ages)) print(zipped) # 输出:[('Alice', 25), ('Bob', 30)] 23. enumerate():返回可迭代对象中元素的索引和值 names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie'] for index, name in enumerate(names): print(f"Name at index {index}: {name}") 24. any():判断可迭代对象中是否存在任何为真的元素 numbers = [0, 1, 2, 3] print(any(numbers)) # 输出:True 25. all():判断可迭代对象中所有元素是否都为真 numbers = [0, 1, 2, 3] print(all(numbers)) # 输出:False 26. slice():返回一个切片对象,用于切片操作 numbers = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5] sliced = numbers[slice(2, 5)] print(sliced) # 输出:[2, 3, 4] 27. isinstance():检查对象是否为指定类型的实例 number = 42 print(isinstance(number, int)) # 输出:True 28. callable():检查对象是否可调用(函数、方法等) def say_hello(): print("Hello!") print(callable(say_hello)) # 输出:True 29. getattr():返回对象的属性值 class Person: name = "Alice" person = Person() name = getattr(person, "name") print(name) # 输出:Alice 30. setattr():设置对象的属性值 class Person: name = "" person = Person() setattr(person, "name", "Alice") print(person.name) # 输出:Alice 31. delattr():删除对象的属性 class Person: name = "Alice" person = Person() delattr(person, "name") print(hasattr(person, "name")) # 输出:False 32. pow():返回数值的指定次幂 result = pow(2, 3) print(result) # 输出:8 33. divmod():返回两个数值的商和余数 quotient, remainder = divmod(10, 3) print(quotient, remainder) # 输出:3 1 34. filter():使用函数过滤可迭代对象中的元素 numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] even_numbers = list(filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)) print(even_numbers) # 输出:[2, 4] 35. map():使用函数对可迭代对象中的每个元素进行映射 numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] squared_numbers = list(map(lambda x: x ** 2, numbers)) print(squared_numbers) # 输出:[1, 4, 9, 16, 25] 36. reduce():使用函数对可迭代对象中的元素进行累积计算 from functools import reduce numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] product = reduce(lambda x, y: x * y, numbers) print(product) # 输出:120 37. open():打开文件并返回文件对象 file = open("example.txt", "r") content = file.read() print(content) file.close() 38. close():关闭文件 file = open("example.txt", "r") content = file.read() file.close() 39. read():读取文件内容 file = open("example.txt", "r") content = file.read() print(content) file.close() 40. write():将内容写入文件 file = open("example.txt", "w") file.write("Hello, World!") file.close() 41. append():在列表末尾添加元素 numbers = [1, 2, 3] numbers.append(4) print(numbers) # 输出:[1, 2, 3, 4] 42. extend():将可迭代对象中的元素添加到列表末尾 numbers = [1, 2, 3] more_numbers = [4, 5, 6] numbers.extend(more_numbers) print(numbers) # 输出:[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] 43. insert():在指定索引处插入元素 numbers = [1, 2, 3] numbers.insert(1, 4) print(numbers) # 输出:[1, 4, 2, 3] 44. remove():移除列表中第一个匹配的元素 numbers = [1, 2, 3, 2, 4] numbers.remove(2) print(numbers) # 输出:[1, 3, 2, 4] 45. pop():移除并返回指定索引处的元素 numbers = [1, 2, 3] popped = numbers.pop(1) print(popped) # 输出:2 print(numbers) # 输出:[1, 3] 46. index():返回第一个匹配元素的索引 numbers = [1, 2, 3, 2, 4] index = numbers.index(2) print(index) # 输出:1 47. count():返回元素在列表中的出现次数 numbers = [1, 2, 3, 2, 4] count = numbers.count(2) print(count) # 输出:2 48. sort():对列表进行排序 numbers = [5, 2, 4, 1, 3] numbers.sort() print(numbers) # 输出:[1, 2, 3, 4, 5] 49. reverse():反转列表中的元素顺序 numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] numbers.reverse() print(numbers) # 输出:[5, 4, 3, 2, 1] 50. random.random():来生成随机数 import random print(random.random()) # 输出:0.2203627 51. time.sleep():让程序停止一段时间 import time time.sleep(5) print('hello') # hello会延迟5秒后输出 52. listdir():显示当前目录下的文件 path = r'D:/images' dirs = os.listdir(path) for file in dirs: print(file) # 输出images下所有文件列表 53. chr():返回指定Unicode代码的字符 char = chr(65) print(char) # 输出:'A' 54. ord():返回字符的Unicode代码 code = ord('A') print(code) # 输出:65 55. bin():将整数转换为二进制字符串 binary = bin(10) print(binary) # 输出:'0b1010' 56. hex():将整数转换为十六进制字符串 hexadecimal = hex(16) print(hexadecimal) # 输出:'0x10' 57. oct():将整数转换为八进制字符串 octal = oct(8) print(octal) # 输出:'0o10' 58. frozenset():创建一个可变的字节数组对象 my_array = bytearray([0, 1, 2, 3]) print(my_array) # 输出:bytearray(b'\x00\x01') 59. bytes():创建一个不可变的字节数组对象 my_bytes = bytes([0, 1, 2, 3]) print(my_bytes) # 输出:b'\x00\x01\x02\x03' 60. ascii():返回一个表示对象的可打印字符串 text = "Hello, 你好" ascii_text = ascii(text) print(ascii_text) # 输出:'Hello, \u4f60\u597d' 61. exec():执行动态生成的Python代码 code = ''' for i in range(5): print(i) ''' exec(code) # 输出:0 1 2 3 4 62. format():根据指定的格式进行字符串格式化 name = "Alice" age = 25 formatted = format("Name: {}, Age: {}", name, age) print(formatted) # 输出:"Name: Alice, Age: 25"